2023年中考英語語法：定語從句正誤辨析

[誤]I won t tell you the name of the person who teach me English.

［正］I won t tell you the name of the person who teaches me English.

[析]在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語時，從它本身看不出其數(shù)的形式，這時要由它的先行詞決定。這里who 應(yīng)由 the person 單數(shù)決定，應(yīng)該用單數(shù)謂語動詞。又如：I who am a student want to find a spare time job. 這里的 who 應(yīng)與 I 是一致的，所以其謂語動詞應(yīng)該用am。

[誤]We talked about the things and the people who we met during the Second World War.

［正］We talked about the things and the people that we met during the Second World War.

[析]這里的關(guān)系代詞不要用 who，因為其先行詞有兩個一個是 things (物)，而另一個是people (人)，這時既不可用 who，又不可用 which，因前者只能用于先行詞是人的情況下，而后者則用于先行詞是物的情況下，所以只能用 that，因為它的先行詞既可以是人又可以是物。

[誤]The book，that I bought yesterday，was very good.

［正］The book，which I bought yesterday，was very good.

[析]先行詞與定語從句被逗號分割開來時，即作為非限制性定語從句。在非限制性定語從句中 which，when，who，whom，where，when，whose 等都可以和限制性定語從句中的作用一樣，而獨有 that 不易用于非限制性定語從句。

[誤]The dictionary which I lent it yesterday is a very useful tool.

［正］The dictionary which I lent yesterday is a very useful tool.

[析]關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中是要起語法作用的，它不是作主語就是作賓語。雖然在作賓語時它的位置由原來的賓語位置移到了句首，但它的作用依然存在，而且在原賓語位置上不能再出現(xiàn)賓語。

[誤]The teacher I want to learn English from is the one which comes from America.

［正］The teacher I want to learn English from is the one who comes from America.

[析]the one，anyone，those 作代詞并且是指某人、物時，其關(guān)系代詞不能用 which 應(yīng)用 who。

[誤]This is the room in that the old man lives.

［正］This is the room in which the old man lives.

［正］This is the room which the old man lives in.

［正］This is the room that the old man lives in.

[析]that 不能緊跟在介詞后作介詞賓語，但如果介詞不前置仍放于句尾，則可用 that 作引導詞，而且可以省略。如：This is the room the old man lives in.

[誤]I can do everything which is good for you.

［正］I can do everything that is good for you.

[析]在先行詞是 all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one 等不定代詞時，雖然它們指的是物體，但不要用 which 而用 that 作定語從句的引導詞。

[誤]The only thing which the students can do is studying hard.

［正］The only thing that the students can do is studying hard.

[析]在先行詞前有 only，any，few，little，no，all，one of 等詞修飾時，雖然先行詞指的是物，也不要用 which 作關(guān)系代詞，而要用 that。

[誤]This is the first American film which I ve ever seen.

［正］This is the first American film that I ve ever seen.

[析]在先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或由序數(shù)詞修飾時，其關(guān)系代詞不可用 which 這樣的用法還有在形容詞最高級修飾的先行詞之后，如：This is the best book that I have ever seen.

[誤]He is from Africa, that we can see from the colour of the skin.

［正］He is from Africa, as we can see from the colour of the skin.

[析]當 as 或 which 引導非限制性定語從句時，它可能沒有明確的先行詞，它們所指代的是前面整個句子。如例題應(yīng)譯為他是從非洲來這個事情是可以從其膚色上看出的。

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