2022年初中英語：定語從句正誤辨析

定語從句正誤辨析

[誤]I won't tell you the name of the person who teach me English.? ?

[正]I won't tell you the name of the person who teaches me English.? ?

[析]在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，從它本身看不出其數(shù)的形式，這時(shí)要由它的先行詞決定。這里who 應(yīng)由 the person 單數(shù)決定，應(yīng)該用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。又如：I who am a student want to find a spare time job. 這里的 who 應(yīng)與 I 是一致的，所以其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用am。?

[誤]We talked about the things and the people who we met during the Second World War.? ?

[正]We talked about the things and the people that we met during the Second World War.? ?

[析]這里的關(guān)系代詞不要用 who，因?yàn)槠湎刃性~有兩個(gè)一個(gè)是 things (物)，而另一個(gè)是people (人)，這時(shí)既不可用 who，又不可用 which，因前者只能用于先行詞是人的情況下，而后者則用于先行詞是物的情況下，所以只能用 that，因?yàn)樗�的先行詞既可以是人又可以是物。?

[誤]The book，that I bought yesterday，was very good.?

[正]The book，which I bought yesterday，was very good.? ?

[析]先行詞與定語從句被逗號(hào)分割開來時(shí)，即作為非限制性定語從句。在非限制性定語從句中 which，when，who，whom，where，when，whose 等都可以和限制性定語從句中的作用一樣，而獨(dú)有 that 不易用于非限制性定語從句。

[誤]The dictionary which I lent it yesterday is a very useful tool.? ?

[正]The dictionary which I lent yesterday is a very useful tool.? ?

[析]關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中是要起語法作用的，它不是作主語就是作賓語。雖然在作賓語時(shí)它的位置由原來的賓語位置移到了句首，但它的作用依然存在，而且在原賓語位置上不能再出現(xiàn)賓語。?

[誤]The teacher I want to learn English from is the one which comes from America.

[正]The teacher I want to learn English from is the one who comes from America.

[析]the one，anyone，those 作代詞并且是指某人、物時(shí)，其關(guān)系代詞不能用 which 應(yīng)用 who。?

[誤]This is the room in that the old man lives.? ?

[正]This is the room in which the old man lives.? ?

[正]This is the room which the old man lives in.? ?

[正]This is the room that the old man lives in.? ?

[析]that 不能緊跟在介詞后作介詞賓語，但如果介詞不前置仍放于句尾，則可用 that 作引導(dǎo)詞，而且可以省略。如： This is the room the old man lives in.??

[誤]I can do everything which is good for you.? ?

[正]I can do everything that is good for you.? ?

[析]在先行詞是 all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one 等不定代詞時(shí)，雖然它們指的是物體，但不要用 which 而用 that 作定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。?

[誤]The only thing which the students can do is studying hard.? ?

[正]The only thing that the students can do is studying hard.? ?

[析]在先行詞前有 only，any，few，little，no，all，one of 等詞修飾時(shí)，雖然先行詞指的是物，也不要用 which 作關(guān)系代詞，而要用 that。?

[誤]This is the first American film which I've ever seen.

[正]This is the first American film that I've ever seen.? ?

[析]在先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或由序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，其關(guān)系代詞不可用 which 這樣的用法還有在形容詞最高級修飾的先行詞之后，如：This is the best book that I have ever seen.

[誤]He is from Africa, that we can see from the colour of the skin.? ?

[正]He is from Africa, as we can see from the colour of the skin.? ?

[析]當(dāng) as 或 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，它可能沒有明確的先行詞，它們所指代的是前面整個(gè)句子。如例題應(yīng)譯為他是從非洲來這個(gè)事情是可以從其膚色上看出的。

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