人教版初中英語九年級第五單元語法

被動(dòng)語態(tài)

(一)語態(tài)：英語的語態(tài)是通過動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

Many people speak Chinese.

謂語：speak 的動(dòng)作是由主語 many people 來執(zhí)行的。

被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對象。

Chinese is spoken by many people.

主語 English 是動(dòng)詞 speak 的承受者。

(二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語態(tài)由 “助動(dòng)詞 be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞” 構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過 be 的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。

現(xiàn)以speak 為例說明被動(dòng)語態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+spoken

一般過去時(shí)：was/were+spoken

一般將來時(shí)：will/shall be+spoken

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are being+spoken

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were being+spoken

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has been+spoken

過去完成時(shí)：had been + spoken

（三）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法

(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。

Some new computers were stolen last night.

一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道是誰偷的)

He is often asked to sing songs.

經(jīng)常有人叫他唱歌。

(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如：

The glass was broken by Mike.

玻璃杯是邁克打破的。

This book was written by him.

這本書是他寫的。

Your homework must be finished on time.

你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時(shí)完成。

（四）主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法

(1)把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。

(2)把謂語變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be+過去分詞) (根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定 be 的形式)。

(3)把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞 by 之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。

All the people laughed at him.

→ He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory.

→ The bikes are made by them in the factory.

He cut down a tree.

→ A tree was cut down by him.

歌訣總結(jié):

主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)，方法要記清;

首先賓變主，然后變謂語:

主語變賓語,有時(shí)可省略;

其他留原處,一般不用變。

(五)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由 “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞” 構(gòu)成。

We can repair this watch in two days.

→This watch can be repaired in two days.

They should do it at once.

→It should be done at once.

(六)特殊情況

1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.

→The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.

2.Mother never lets me watch TV .

→I am never let to watch TV by mother.

3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.

→(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.

→(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.

1.---Do you think Shanghai is a _______ city?

---Certainly. It has beautiful buildings, tidy streets and hard-working people.

likely B. lonely

lively D. lately

答案：C

2.—Shijiazhuang is becoming much more beautiful.

—Yes. Many trees and flowers _______ in our city every year.

are planting B. are planted

were planting D. were planted

答案：B

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