專題七 情態(tài)動詞、系動詞
在英語中，表示主語動作或狀態(tài)的詞就叫做動詞。根據動詞的意義及在句子中的作用，可將動詞分為實義動詞(v)、系動詞(link-v)、情態(tài)動詞(modal verb)和助動詞(v. aux)四種類型。
下面我們就來看看情態(tài)動詞和系動詞的具體用法。
一、情態(tài)動詞
情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的意義，但不能獨立作謂語，要和動詞原形一起構成謂語，表說話人的語氣和態(tài)度。它沒有人稱和數的變化。常見的情態(tài)動詞有：
1. can表示能力，有“能”“會”的意思;表示可能性，多用在否定或疑問句中;表示請求和許可。
如：The parrot can speak three languages. 這只鸚鵡能講三種語言。
Can I borrow the book from the library?我可以從圖書棺借這本書嗎?
Shanghai can be very cold in March. 上海三月份可能會很冷。
拓展延伸can還有過去式could 可表“能，會”，又可以和be able to替換，而be able to有 更多時態(tài)。 如：
He could swim when he was four. =He was able to swim when he was four. 他四歲時就會游泳。 在一般疑問句中，can/could 常用來表示請求或征求對方意見，用could 比用can語氣更加委婉和客氣。類似用法的還有Will /Would you (please)…等句型。
如：Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? 你能告訴我怎樣到郵局嗎? Would you please turn up the radio?請你把收音機開大點，好嗎?
2.may表示“許可”時，相當于can，其否定回答用can’t/mustn’t;表推測時，常用在肯定句中，表“可能”。
如：-May I borrow your ruler?我可以借用您的直尺嗎?
-No, you can't /mustn't. 不行。
She may be a teacher. 她可能是一名教師。
拓展延伸may可表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! 祝你成功!
3.must表示“必須;必要”，以“must”開頭的一般疑問句其肯定回答用“must”，否定回答用“needn't”或“don't have to”。 must表推測時，常用在肯定句中，是“一定”的意思，其否定形式mustn ' t表“禁止”的意思。
如：-Must I leave now?現在我必須離開嗎?
-No，you needn't /you don't have to. 沒有必要。
This book must be Lucy's . Look! Her name is on the book cover. 這本書是露西的。看!封面上還有她的名字。
You mustn't draw on the wall. 你不準在墻上畫畫。
拓展延伸must表示說話人的主觀看法，只有一般現在時;have to強調客觀要求，有時態(tài)、人稱和數的變化。如： My mother is ill. I have to look after her now. 媽媽病了，我得去照看她。
4.need作情態(tài)動詞時，常用在否定和疑問句中，表示“需要;要”的意思。
如：Need we finish the work now?現在我們需要完成這項工作嗎?
They needn ' t look after him. 他們不需要照顧他了。
拓展延伸need還可以用作行為動詞，可以用于各種句型。如：
Does he need any help? 他需要幫助嗎?
The desk needs repairing. 這張桌子需要修理。
5.shall 用于第一人稱，表示說話人征求對方意見，過去式為should;will 用手第二人稱的疑問句中，表示說話人向對方提出請求和建議，過去式為would。
如：Shall I go shopping with you?'我可以同你去購物嗎?
I don't know what I should do next. 我不知道下一步該干什么。
Would you please come a little earlier?請你來早一點好嗎?
6.情態(tài)動詞had better的用法
(1)had better 后接動詞原形，表勸告、建議，意為“最好”。“You'd better… ”含有強制命令的語氣，對長輩不宜使用。
如：You'd better ask that policeman over there. 你最好問一下那邊的那個警察。
(2)慎用had better! 注意以下四條：
①had better表達的是說話者強硬性的建議，告誡別人(包括自己)如何做。 如：Granny, the hospital is not very near. We'd better catch a bus. 奶奶，醫(yī)院不是很近。我們最好坐公共汽車。
②had better不用于禮貌的請求或征詢，它隱含一種警告或威脅。 如：You ' d better finish the work today and bring it tomorrow. 你最好今天就把作業(yè)完成，明天帶來。
③had better意思接近should，但它除了表示語氣強硬以外，還表示馬上要去做的事情，比should更緊迫。 如：You’d better see a doctor at once. 你最好馬上去看醫(yī)生。
④had better不含比較的意思，該結構表示“It would be good to… ”，而不是“It would be better to…”。
二、系動詞
系動詞有實際意義，但不能單獨做謂語，必須與表語一起構成句子的謂語，說明主語的性質、狀態(tài)或身份等。 它分為完全系動詞和不完全系動詞。
1.完全系動詞(be)可接名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞短語、句子做表語。如： I'm a student. 我是個學生。(名詞) He is fine. 他很好。(形容詞) It is me. 是我。(代詞) Are you there?你在那兒嗎?(副詞) She is at school. 她在學校讀書。(介詞短語) He is to come soon. 他過會兒該來了。(不定式) My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英語。(動詞的ing形式) My idea is that we will start now. 我的想法是我們現在就開始。(句子)
2.不完全系動詞 (get，turn，feel，smell，look，sound，taste)一般只接形容詞做表語。如：When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.
春天來了，天氣變得越來越暖和了。 Food may go bad soon if it is not put into a fridge.
食物如果不放進冰箱里就會很快變壞。 My brother became / turned a teacher after his graduation.
我哥哥畢業(yè)后就當上了老師。(注意become和turn的用法區(qū)別)
實戰(zhàn)演練(2×50) 計分:
1. --Mary, ____ you speak Chinese? -- Yes, but only a little.
A. will B. can C. could
2. --Must I do the work now? -- No, you ____. You can do it later.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn’t
3. -- I can't stop smoking, doctor. -- For your health, I'm afraid you ____.
A. can B. need C. must
4. -- Whose book is it? -- It ____ be Bob's sister's. She is only a baby.
A. must B. mustn't C. can't
5. -- Jill looks so painful, there ____ be something wrong with her.
-- Oh, dear! We'd better take her to the hospital at once.
A. can B. should C. must
6. --Is Simon coming by train? -- He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. may B. need C. must
7. -- May I try on the jeans? -- Yes, you ___.
A. should B. can C. must
8. -- Do you know any traffic rules?
-- A little. When the traffic lights are red, we ____ stop and wait.
A. may B. can C. must
9. I think schools ____ allow students at least one hour a day for sports.
A. would B. should C. could
10. -- Can I swim in the lake. Dad?
-- No, you ____. Haven't you seen the notice “No Swimming”?
A. may not B. mightn't C. mustn't
11. -- Are you going to Beijing by air?
-- It's fast but a little expensive. So I am not sure. I __ take it.
A. will B. may C. must
12. -- Could I borrow your dictionary? -- Of course you ____.
A. can B. will C. should
13. --Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. --No,____.
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't
14. -- Will you please stay here for the party?
-- Sorry, I ____. I'll have to go to an important meeting.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't
15. -- Must I tidy the room now?
-- No, you ____. You can do it after breakfast.
A. mustn’t B. need C. don't have to
16. -- You must come back every month. -- Yes, I ____.
A. will B. must C. should
17. -- Is this coat Jane's? -- It ____ be hers, but I'm not sure.
A. will B. may C. must
18. -- ____ we go and fly kites today? -- That's a good idea.
A. Should B. Must C. Shall
19. --ls your brother playing computer games, Ted?
-- He ___ do that because the computer doesn't work.
A. may not B. can't C. mustn't
20. -- I don't mind telling you what I have known.
-- You ___, and I am not asking you for it.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. may not
21. _____ you help me?
A.Will B.Shall C.Must
22. You ______watch TV if you’ve finished your homework.
A. can B. must C. need
23. I have seen lights in that empty house. Do you think I _____report it to the police?
A. should B. may C. will
24. -- Who is the girl standing over there?
-- Well, if you ______know, her name is Mary.
A. may B. can C. must
25. -- Excuse me, could you tell me where the supermarket is?
-- It’s two blocks straight ahead. You _____miss it.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t
26. -- Mom, there goes the bell.
-- Oh, it _____ Annie. I invited her to come for dinner.
A. can’t be B. must be C. may be
27. I’ll let you see the patient in an hour if you _____wait here.
A. will B. must C. can
28. Whoever can answer one of my questions ______get a prize.
A. would B. should C. will
29. Tom, you ______leave all your clothes on the floor like this.
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t
30. It’s 7:50. You ____hurry, or you’ll be late.
A. might B. will C. had better
31. In spring, all the flowers in the garden _______ sweet.
A. taste B. smell C. become
32. She _______ like her mother in character.
A. is B. seems C. looks
33. In late autumn leaves _______ brown.
A. get B. turn C. come
34. Look! There _______ so many people here on vacation.
A. have B. are C. be
35. His classmate_______ a singer.
A. were B. grew C. has become
36. My job is ______ you math.
A. to teach B. teaches C. taught
37. How time flies! Three years _______ really a short time.
A. are B. is C. was
38. It sounds _______ a good idea.
A. as B. is C. like
39. Her temperature _______ to be all right.
A. seems B. sounds C. looks
40. His wish to become a driver has _______ true.
A. turned B. come C. been
41. Little Jim’s speech sounds _______.
A. friendly B. wonderfully C. nicely
42. When her mother came home yesterday, it was _______ dark.
A. going B. running C. getting
43. These apples taste _______.
A. to be good B. good C. well
44. -- How about the cloth you bought yesterday?
-- That’s very beautiful. It _______ so soft.
A. felt B. feels C. is feeling
45. When his brother telephoned him last night, he _______ asleep.
A. felt B. fell C. fall
46. The food will _______ bad easily in such hot weather.
A. go B. went C. turn
47. It _______ that he was late for the train.
A. looks B. says C.seems
48. What does your brother look _______?
A. like B. as C. after
49. The girl’s voice is so sweet and her songs _______ very beautiful.
A. taste B. look C. sound
50. What a lovely day! I hope it _______ fine.
A. stayed B. will stay C. will get
參考答案
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