專題四 代詞
一、 代詞概述
代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。
二、代詞分類
英語中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用主要分為：人稱代詞、物主
代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、疑問代詞。
1、 人稱代詞及其用法
1)人稱代詞主格和賓格
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人稱
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單、復(fù)數(shù)
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主格
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賓格
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第一人稱
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單數(shù)
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I
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me
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|
復(fù)數(shù)
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we
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us
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第二人稱
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單數(shù)
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you
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you
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復(fù)數(shù)
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you
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you
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第三人稱
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單數(shù)
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he
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him
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she
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her
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it
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it
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復(fù)數(shù)
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they
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them
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2) 人稱代詞的用法
① 人稱代詞主格在句子中擔(dān)任主語。
例如：She likes watching movies.她喜歡看電影。
They have been to America twice..他們到過美國兩次。
② 人稱代詞賓格在句子中擔(dān)任動詞賓語、介詞賓語或表語。
例如： We listen to them and they help us.我們聽他們，他們幫我們。
---Who is knocking at the door? --It’s me.—誰在敲門?—是我。
2、 物主代詞及其用法
1)形容詞性和名詞性物主代詞
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人稱
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單、復(fù)數(shù)
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形容詞性
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名詞性
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詞義
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第一人稱
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單數(shù)
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my
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mine
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我的
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復(fù)數(shù)
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our
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ours
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我們的
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第二人稱
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單數(shù)
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your
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yours
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你的
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復(fù)數(shù)
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your
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yours
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你們的
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第三人稱
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單數(shù)
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his
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his
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他的
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her
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hers
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她的
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its
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its
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它的
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復(fù)數(shù)
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their
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theirs
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他們的
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2)物主代詞的用法
① 形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，在句子中擔(dān)任定語修飾名詞，一般不單獨(dú)使用。
例如：This is my book. Your book is over there.這是我的書。你的書在那里。
They are our new friends.他們是我們的新朋友。
②名詞性物主代詞語法上相當(dāng)于名詞，意義上相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”，經(jīng)常用其來避免和前面提到的名詞重復(fù)。
例如：This is my dictionary. Where is yours (=your dictionary)?這是我的詞典。你的(詞典)在哪里?
My idea is just the same as his(=his idea).我的想法正如他的(想法)。
3、反身代詞及其用法
1)反身代詞的構(gòu)成
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人稱
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單、復(fù)數(shù)
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詞形
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詞義
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第一人稱
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單數(shù)
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myself
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我自己
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復(fù)數(shù)
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ourselves
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我們自己
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第二人稱
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單數(shù)
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yourself
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你自己
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復(fù)數(shù)
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yourselves
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你們自己
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第三人稱
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單數(shù)
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himself
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他自己
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herself
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她自己
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itself
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它自己
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復(fù)數(shù)
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themselves
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他們自己
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2)反身代詞的用法
① 反身代詞在句子中擔(dān)任動詞賓語或介詞賓語。
例如：The boy is too young to look after himself.這男孩太小了無法照顧自己。
They did the job all by themselves.這件工作他們完全是自己做的。
② 反身代詞常用詞組
例如：teach oneself自學(xué) learn by oneself自學(xué) enjoy oneself玩得愉快
hurt oneself傷了自己 help oneself to自便 come to oneself蘇醒
by oneself單獨(dú);親自
4、 指示代詞及其用法
1) 指示代詞：單數(shù)this(這)、 that(那);復(fù)數(shù)these(這些), those(那些)
2) 指示代詞的用法
① this/these用于指代近距離的人或事物。
例如：This is my friend and these are his new books.這是我的朋友。這些是
他的新書。
② that/those用于指代遠(yuǎn)距離的人或事物。
例如：Look!That girl in red is Kate.瞧!那個(gè)穿紅衣服的女孩是凱特。
③ 打電話時(shí)用this介紹自己，用that詢問對方。
例如：This is Mar speaking. Is that Mrs Jones?我是瑪麗，您是瓊斯夫人嗎?
5、 不定代詞及其用法
不定代詞是比較復(fù)雜的一類代詞，在詞形上有簡單的不定代詞和復(fù)合不定代詞兩種形式，分別列表如下。
1) 表一：初中階段常見的簡單的不定代詞
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不定代詞
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常用詞義
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some，any
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一些（人或物）；任何（人或物）
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many，much
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許多（人或物）
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|
few，little
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幾乎沒有（人或物）
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|
a few，a little
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有少數(shù)或少量（人或物）
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both
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兩者都
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all
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三者及以上都
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|
either
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兩者之一；或者……或者
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|
neither
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兩者都不
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|
none
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三者及以上都不
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|
another
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三者以上中的任意一個(gè)
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|
one
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一個(gè)
|
|
other，others
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其他的（泛指）
|
|
the other，the others
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其他的（特指）
|
表二：復(fù)合不定代詞
2) 不定代詞的用法
在實(shí)際使用中，普通不定代詞多數(shù)時(shí)候用作形容詞修飾名詞。
① some和any。兩者均可修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。一般情況下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中。但在說話人想要得到肯定回答或表達(dá)請求、建議的疑問句中用some。
例如：There are some students in the classroom, but there aren’t any teachers.
教室里有一些學(xué)生，但沒有老師。
---Would you like to have some tea or coffee? ---Neither, thanks.
--想要喝茶還是咖啡?--謝謝，兩個(gè)都不要。
② many 和much。many修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
兩者均可以和表示程度的副詞so，too，as，how連用構(gòu)成too many/much, so many/much, as many/much as, how many/much.
例如：I have too much work to do.我有太多的工作要做。
How did you make so many mistakes?你怎么會犯這么多錯(cuò)誤?
Please speak English as much as possible.請盡量說英語。
③ few, a few 和little, a little. few和a few修飾可數(shù)名詞，little和a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。few，little表示否定，a few，a little表示肯定。
例如：He is a new student in the school, so he has few friends.他是本校的新生，所以幾乎沒有朋友(表示否定)。
I have so little money that I can’t afford the new magazine. Can you lend me some?我?guī)缀鯖]錢了，買不起這本雜志(表示否定)。你能借我一些嗎?
---Can I have a few words with you, Mrs Brown? –Sure, I have a little time. –布朗夫人，我可以和你說幾句話嗎(表示肯定)?--當(dāng)然可以，我有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)時(shí)間(表示肯定)。
④ both和all。both只能用于指代兩者，all指代三者或以上的人或物。
例如：My parents are both teachers. Both my brother and I are students. We all live in Changsha.我父母親都是老師。我哥和我是學(xué)生。我們都生活在長沙。
⑤ either， neither和none。either只能是“兩者中取其一”，neither是“兩者都不”，是both的反義詞，none“都不”是all的反義詞。
例如：Either you or your sister has to help your dad in the garden.你或者你姐姐得幫助你爸爸在花園里干活。(只要一個(gè)人幫助爸爸干活即可)
---Would you like some milk or coffee? –Neither. Just water, please.—你想要牛奶還是咖啡?--都不要，水就可以。
They are all teenagers. None of them should be allowed to smoke.他們都是青少年，誰都不應(yīng)該獲許抽煙。
⑥ other, others, the other, the others.概括地說，不帶the的為泛指，帶the的為特指，帶s的指代復(fù)數(shù)的人或物，不帶s的指代單數(shù)的人或物。
例如：Beijing is larger than the other cities in China.北京比中國其他城市大。
Lei Feng was always ready to help others(=other people)。雷鋒樂于助人。
I have only two good friends. One is Jack, the other is David.我只有兩個(gè)好朋友，一個(gè)是杰克，另一個(gè)是大衛(wèi)。
I bought six new books yesterday. One is English, the others(=the other books) are Chinese.我昨天買了六本書。一本是英語，其余的(書)都是中文。
⑦ one, another, one指代上文提到過的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，避免重復(fù)。another指的是三者以
上中的任意一者，還可以表達(dá)“額外添加”的意思。
例如：This building is taller than that one.這個(gè)建筑比那棟高。
I have already spent half an hour on the job, but I need another ten minutes to finish it.
我已經(jīng)花了半個(gè)小時(shí)做這件工作，但是我還要十分鐘才能夠完成。
⑧ 復(fù)合不定代詞的句法功能可以參考some、any、no、every的用法。但下列幾點(diǎn)必須
注意：
a)復(fù)合不定代詞在句子中擔(dān)任主語時(shí)，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。
例如：Is there anything wrong with the computer?電腦出問題了嗎?
Everybody is here. Let’s begin the meeting.大家到齊了，我們開會吧。
b)修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的形容詞要放在他們的后面，做后置定語。
例如：Be quiet, please. I have something important to tell you.請安靜，我有重要
的事情要告訴你們。
6、 疑問代詞及其用法
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疑問代詞
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主要用法
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例句
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who
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“誰”，主格形式作主語
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Who can answer the question?
Who is the man over there?
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whom
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“誰”，賓格形式，口語中往往
被who代替
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Whom/whom are you talking to?
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whose
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“誰的”所有格形式
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Whose exercise book is this?
Whose is this exercise book?
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what
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詢問不定書目中的“哪個(gè)”、
“哪些”，沒有范圍的限定；也
可用于詢問某人的職業(yè)
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What are you going to do?
What class are you in?
What is your mother?
|
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which
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“哪個(gè)”、“哪些”，詢問一定
范圍內(nèi)特指的人或物
|
Which class are you in, Class 1 or
Class 2?
|
疑問代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用，用來構(gòu)成疑問句。
實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練(2×50) 計(jì)分:
1 ---Is that man in blue your father? ---No, _______ is my headmaster.
A. he B. him C. she
2. ---Laura, this is my backpack. Where is _______? ---Mine is over there.
A. your B. yours C. his
3. ---Is the woman who walked past just now your teacher? ---Yes, she teaches _____ Chinese.
A. us B. our C. ours
4. ---Is David _________ cousin or theirs? ---He is my cousin.
A. your B. yours C. you
5. Excuse me, _____pen is broken. May I use ________?
A. my, your B. I, yours C. my, yours
6. ---Is this your MP4, Mike? ---No, it’s ______.
A. his B. her C. my
7. We must learn English by __________.
A. us B. our C. ourselves
8. Could you lend me ______ bike? I lost ______ last Saturday.
A. your, my B. your, mine C. yours, mine
9. ---Who taught _____ German? ---Nobody. She learned all by _______.
A. she, her B. her, herself C. hers, herself
10. --- Which would you like, bread or rice? --- ______ of them. I’m full now.
A. Either B. Neither C. All
11. ---_______does your cousin look like? ---He’s tall and thin.
A. What B. Who C. Which
12. Believe yourself. You’re better than ________. You’re the best. Wish you success.
A. anyone else B. some else C. else anyone
13. Most young people find _______ exciting to watch a football match.
A. it B. this C. that
14. ---_______ are you talking about? ----The Olympic Games in Beijing.
A. What B. How C. Whom
15. ---What about this T—shirt? ---I don’t like the color. Please show me _____one.
A. other B. the other C. another
16. ---Did you enjoy ____ at the party, Jimmy? –Yes, Mum. I enjoyed ___very much.
A. yours, ourselves B. yourselves, myself C. yourself, myself
17. They three were all very tired, but ______ of them would stop to have a rest.
A. some B. none C. all
18. There is ______ knocking at the door. Go and see who it is.
A. someone B. anybody C. nobody
19. Do you know the girl between Lucy and ______?
A. she B. his C. me
20. ---Could you tell me ______ to do next? ---Nothing more. Let’s have a rest.
A. what B. how C. when
21. ---Can we put our sports shoes here? ---Oh, yes. Put ______ here, please.
A. them B. their C. they
22. ---______did Mr Wang leave in a hurry? ---Perhaps to meet a friend. Who knows?
A. Where B. For what C. With whom
23. _____ isn’t easy to learn a foreign language well. But don’t give it up.
A. That B. It C. This
24. ---Hello! ---_______is Mary speaking. Is ______ Lily? --- Yes, speaking.
A. This, this B. This, that C. That, this
25. ---Who told you Sam and Kitty got married? --- A friend of _______.
A. you B. her C. mine
26.There are many tall buildings on _______ sides of the street.
A. either B. all C. both
27 I asked both Mary and Lucy to my birthday party, but ________ of them can come.
A. both B. neither C. all
28.---Mum, Li Ming bought a parrot yesterday. Could you please buy ____ for me?
---Sure. But you must take good care of it.
A. one B. it C. that
29.The weather in Hengyang is different from ______ in Beijing.
A. one B. it C. that
30.As we all have grown up, we should learn to look after ________.
A. ourselves B. us C. myself
31.Never say you’re a fool. Everyone is good at ________.
A. something B. anything C. everything
32 I like pop music, but _______ my father _______ my mother likes it.
A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor
33.---When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?
---_______ is OK. I’m free these days.
A. Both B. All C. Either
34 There are only _________ new words in the passage, but I know _____ of them.
A. some; all B. a few; none C. lots of; a few
35 ---Who is singing in the next room? --- _______ must be Marie.
A. It B. She C. This
36.The machines made in China are cheaper than ________ made in Japan.
A. ones B. that C. those
37 ---Two Evening Papers, please! ---Only one copy left. Would you like to have ___, sir?
A. one B. it C. this
38 ---Do you like talking with your friends on the phone or on mobile phone?
---_________. I enjoy using QQ.
A. Either B. Neither C. None
39 The pears in my basket are smaller than _______ in Jim’s.
A. those B. that C. ones
40.We can’t leave our grandparents by _________.
A. they B. them C. themselves
41.---Can I talk to you for a minute, Brian? ---Sure. I have ______ time.
A. a few B. little C. a little
42.---Is _______ here today? ---No. Han Mei isn’t here. Maybe she’s ill.
A. someone B. anyone C. everyone
43.---Have you finished your task? ---No, I’ll finish it in _______ ten minutes.
A. less B. other C. another
44.Mrs White has two children. _______ is a driver, and ______ is a nurse.
A. One; another B. One; the other C. One; other
45.The old woman asked _______, “What should I do?”
A. herself B. her C. hers
46.Either you or I _______ right.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
47 We found _______ necessary to protect the environment.
A. it B. this C. that
48.It was ________ fine day that they went to the park.
A. so a B. a so C. such a
49._________went surfing at the beach because of the terrible weather.
A. Someone B. No one C. Nothing
50.---______ did Mr Wang leave in a hurry? ---Perhaps to meet a friend. Who knows?
A. How B. Where C. For what
1-5 ABAAC 6-10 ACBBB 11-15 AAAAC 16-20 CBACB 21-25 ABBBC
26-30 CBACA 31-35 ACCBA 36-40 CBBAC 41-45 CCCBA 46-50 BACBC
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one
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body
|
thing
|
|
some
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someone某人
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somebody某人
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something某事
|
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any
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anyone任何人
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anybody任何人
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anything任何事
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no
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no one沒有人
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nobody沒有人
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no thing沒有東西
|
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every
|
everyone每人
|
everybody每人
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everything每一件事
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one
|
body
|
thing
|
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some
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someone某人
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somebody某人
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something某事
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any
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anyone任何人
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anybody任何人
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anything任何事
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no
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no one沒有人
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nobody沒有人
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no thing沒有東西
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every
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everyone每人
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everybody每人
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everything每一件事
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one
|
body
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thing
|
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some
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someone某人
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somebody某人
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something某事
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any
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anyone任何人
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anybody任何人
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anything任何事
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no
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no one沒有人
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nobody沒有人
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no thing沒有東西
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every
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everyone每人
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everybody每人
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everything每一件事
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one
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body
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thing
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some
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someone某人
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somebody某人
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something某事
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any
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anyone任何人
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anybody任何人
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anything任何事
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no
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no one沒有人
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nobody沒有人
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no thing沒有東西
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every
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everyone每人
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everybody每人
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everything每一件事
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|
one
|
body
|
thing
|
|
some
|
someone某人
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somebody某人
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something某事
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any
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anyone任何人
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anybody任何人
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anything任何事
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no
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no one沒有人
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nobody沒有人
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no thing沒有東西
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every
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everyone每人
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everybody每人
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everything每一件事
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