2018中考備考：教你如何正確拼寫(xiě)五大洋英語(yǔ)詞匯

 

　　Pacific Ocean-太平洋

 

　　If you’re wondering whether there’s a link between Pacific and pacify,then you’re not wrong.The name of the ocean was originally a specific use of pacific,meaning‘peaceful’or‘characterized by calmness’.Pacific Ocean derives from Mar Pacifico,the name given in Portuguese,Italian,and Spanish to the body of water in allusion to the calm seas experienced by Ferdinand Magellan on first reaching it in 1520.

 

　　如果你想知道太平洋和pacify（安撫/平靜）之間的是否有關(guān)聯(lián),那么你的猜測(cè)是正確的。海洋的名字最初是pacific的特定使用,表示“和平”或“以冷靜為特點(diǎn)”。Pacific Ocean表達(dá)來(lái)源于詞匯Mar Pacifico,該詞匯由葡萄牙,意大利和西班牙興起，原因是費(fèi)迪南德麥哲倫于1520年首次航線中發(fā)現(xiàn)它的水面較為平靜。

 

　　Atlantic Ocean-大西洋

 

　　Atlantic comes from the Greek Atlantikos,from Atlas,the Titan of Greek mythology who supported the heavens with his great strength.(His image appeared as a frontispiece to early collections of maps in a volume,leading to the modern use of the word atlas.)The term Atlantic originally referred to the Atlas Mountains in North Africa,and hence to the sea near the west African coast,and was later extended to refer to the whole ocean.

 

　　大西洋來(lái)源于希臘詞Atlantikos,來(lái)自阿特拉斯,希臘神話中憑借自己的神力撐起天空的巨人。(他的形象出現(xiàn)在早期圖集的卷首插畫(huà)中,導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)代使用atlas這個(gè)詞。)Atlantic一詞最初指的是北非的阿特拉斯山脈,因此也指西非海岸附近的海域,后來(lái)atlantic擴(kuò)展到指整個(gè)海洋。

 

　　Arctic Ocean-北冰洋

 

　　The Arctic Ocean,unsurprisingly,surrounds the Arctic;that is,the regions around the North Pole.Arctic conceals its origins rather more successfully;it comes from the Greek arktos,meaning‘bear’–and also‘Ursa Major’and‘pole star’.The connection between bear and star comes from the story in Greek mythology that the nymph Callisto was turned into a bear and placed as a constellation in the heavens by Zeus.

 

　　北冰洋,不出所料,圍繞著北極圈（北極圈指北極周圍的地區(qū)）。Arctic這個(gè)詞更成功地隱藏它的起源,它來(lái)自希臘詞arktos,意思是“熊”,也可表示“大熊星座”和“北極星”。熊和星之間的聯(lián)系來(lái)源于希臘神話中的,女神卡利斯托被宙斯變成了一只熊在天空之變成一座星座。

 

　　Antarctic Ocean-南冰洋

 

　　The Antarctic Ocean,also known as the Southern Ocean,is defined in opposition to the Arctic:Antarctic simply means‘opposite to the Arctic’.Both Antarctic Ocean and Southern Ocean are in common use as terms,and were originally used in reference to this body of water around the same time,albeit different centuries.The Oxford English Dictionary(OED)currently dates Antarctic Ocean to 1699 and Southern Ocean to 1702.

 

　　南冰洋,也被稱為Southern Ocean（南大洋）,這個(gè)詞產(chǎn)生源于與Arctic（北極）相對(duì):antarctic僅僅表示“北極圈的反方向”。Antarctic Ocean和Southern Ocea都是常用的表達(dá),最初用于表示海洋的時(shí)間盡管在不同的世紀(jì)，但大致相同,。《牛津英語(yǔ)詞典》(OED)目前追溯到的Antarctic Ocean的使用在1699，Southern Ocean可追溯到1702年。