初二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)從句

　　一.賓語(yǔ)從句的定義

　　置于動(dòng)詞、介詞等詞性后面起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能帶賓語(yǔ)從句。有些形容詞（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句。

　　二.賓語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法

　　在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞有：

　　連詞：that (that 常可省略),whether, if  。代詞：who, whose, what ,which 。副詞：when ,where, how, why 等。（一）that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（在非正式場(chǎng)合that可以省略）

　　可跟that從句做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

　　例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

　　注意事項(xiàng)：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞，而賓語(yǔ)從句的意思是否定時(shí)，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。

　　例句：I don't think it is right for him to treat you like that.

　　在以下情況中that不能省略

　　1當(dāng)句中的動(dòng)詞后接多于兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可省，但后面的that不可省。

　　例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.

　　2當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，that一般不可省。

　　例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.

　　3當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省。

　　例句：I can't tell him that his mother died.

　　注意事項(xiàng)：許多帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子，that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。

　　例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.

　　（二）由whether,if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

　　由whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，實(shí)際上是一般疑問(wèn)句演變而來(lái)的。意思是"是否"。賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，在賓語(yǔ)從句中whether與if可以互換使用，但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。

　　例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.

　　只能用whether，不能用if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

　　1在帶to的不定式前

　　例句：We decided whether to walk there.

　　1在介詞的后面  例句：I'm thinking of whether we should go to see the film.

　　2在動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句 例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week

　　3直接與or not連用時(shí)   例句：I can't say whether or not thet can come on time.

　　只能用if不能用whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

　　1 if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為"如果"  例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.

　　2 if引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)  例句：He asked if I didn't come to school yesterday.

　　3 引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句even if（即使）和as if（好象）時(shí)  例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.

　　（三）連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

　　這樣的賓語(yǔ)從句實(shí)際上是由特殊疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)的，賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。

　　英語(yǔ)中的連接代詞有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)。

　　例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?

　　英語(yǔ)中的連接副詞有：when,where,why,how，在句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)的成分。

　　例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

　　三.賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序  賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序是陳述句語(yǔ)序即：連接代詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分。例句如下：1 I don't know what they are looking for.  2  Could you tell me when the train will leave?

　　3 Can you imagine what kind of man he is?

　　四.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

　　1主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.

　　2主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句須用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。

　　例句：She was sorry that she hadn't finished her work on time.

　　3 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀真理或者事實(shí)時(shí)，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。

　　例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.

　　五.賓語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn)

　　1賓語(yǔ)從句可以作及物動(dòng)詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。 2 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序一律用陳述句語(yǔ)序。

　　3連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句在句中無(wú)詞義，不充當(dāng)句子成份，多數(shù)情況下可以省略。

　　4whether 和 if 都可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，但 whether后可緊跟or not；whether從句可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。

　　5 如果從句太長(zhǎng)，可以用形式賓語(yǔ)it.

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